![]() Explain why coastal engineers are required to monitor tides.How are today’s ships different from old sailing ships? Explain the importance of monitoring tides to maneuver sailing ships.Explain why commercial fisherman would be interested in tidal shifts.The Importance of Monitoring the Tides and Their Currents What other abiotic factors affect tides? Compare and contrast wind and weather patterns that affect tides.What is the affect of strong tidal rivers on tides in estuaries?.How does a funnel-shaped bay compare to a narrow inlet and shallow water?.How are the magnitudes of tides affected by shorelines? by mid-ocean islands?.What Affects Tides in Addition to the Sun and Moon? Where might you experience a diurnal tide? How do the tidal heights compare? Where might you experience a mixed semidiurnal tide in the continental United States? How do the tidal heights compare in a lunar day? Where might you experience a semidiurnal tide in the continental United States? If the Earth were perfect, how many high and low tides would all points on the earth experience in one day? What causes tidal patterns to change? Why is the water unable to move freely?.Types and Causes of Tidal Cycles: Diurnal, Semidiurnal, Mixed Semidiurnal Continental Interference How are tide generating forces affected when the Earth is closest to the sun (or perihelion)? when the Earth is farthest from the sun (or aphelion)? How does this affect the tides that are produced?.How are tide-generating forces affected when the moon is closest to the Earth (or perigee)? when the moon is farthest away from the Earth (or apogee)? How does this affect the tides that are produced?.What causes spring tides? What causes neap tides? How many spring and neap tides occur in a lunar month?.What is the magnitude of solar tides and how are they expressed?.Tidal Variations - The Influence of Position and Distance How long does it take for high tide to occur? How long is the time between low and high tide?.Why do most coastal areas experience two high tides and two low tides?.Compare and contrast a solar and lunar day.At what point is the sun at its minimum declination and its maximum declination?.Describe how changes in the relative positions of the moon and sun change in relation to the Earth?.What causes a bulge to be created on the opposite side of the Earth or the “far side” from the moon?.Which celestial body has a greater effect on tidal forces on Earth? How is this possible? Compare and contrast the masses and distance of the Earth to the moon and sun.Which parameter has a greater effect on tidal forces on Earth?.What does Newton’s law of universal gravitational state?.Tides are caused by the gravitational attraction of what two celestial bodies?.How do tidal currents perform in the open ocean? How do they perform near the entrances to estuaries?.When are they strong? When are they weak? ![]() Compare and contrast a flood and ebb current.What is tidal range? What is a tidal current?.What is a high tide? What is a low tide?.What is a basic definition of a tide? Where do tidal waves originate, and where do they end?.As you read through the Tutorial, answer the questions that correspond to each section of the tutorial. ![]() Hundreds of surfers and thousands of spectators show up to the Severn when a large tidal bore is predicted (see The Severn Bore for forecasts).The following questions are based on information from the Tutorial on Tides and Water Levels ( ). Surfers track tidal bore events on the Severn River by using tide forecasts. ![]() One of the most famous tidal bores occurs on the Severn River in Gloucestershire, United Kingdom, which has one of the largest tidal ranges in the world (approximately 15.4 m, SF Fig. Tidal bores can be very large and potentially dangerous to unsuspecting or unknowledgeable boaters and swimmers, but they can also provide a great deal of enjoyment if you understand the phenomenon. In contrast to a plunging breaker, however, there is a tremendous amount of water behind the wave that keeps the wave breaking as the tidal bore continues to move. When a tidal wave slows down to the point where the motion in the crest area—the high tide of a tidal bore—exceeds the speed of the wave, the tidal bore wave breaks. Tidal bores break in a manner similar to plunging breakers. Image courtesy of Audrey Hudson, Geograph® Britain and Ireland project
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